一、
Poison detection is one of the specialties that have the highest technical requirements and most extensive involving fields in the field of judicial expertise. There are various poisons, drugs, medicines involved by poison detection. Only the commonly seen species can reach hundreds of varieties. Poison detection conducts qualitative and quantitative analysis of toxic substances and illicit drugs by physical or chemical analysis methods.
毒物檢驗是司法鑒定領域涉及面廣、技術要求的專業(yè)之一。毒物檢驗涉及的毒物、毒品、藥物種類繁多，常見的就達數(shù)百種。毒物檢驗利用物理或化學分析方法，對有毒物質(zhì)、違禁毒品藥品進行定性、定量分析。
Electronic evidence lab of Public Security Bureau / judicial expertise center. Electronic data recovery and analysis is a new category of the current science and technology promoted procuratorial work. It is not only a new identification type, but also an important method and key developing direction of procuratorial organ in the investigating process of self-investigating cases. Electronic evidence lab of Public Security Bureau / judicial expertise center is constructed according to the standard of national identification center. Its main functions involve cell phone forensics, data recovery, identification analysis, password cracking and network forensics, etc, with advanced, sophisticated characteristics.
公安局/檢察院司法鑒定中心電子證據(jù)實驗室。電子數(shù)據(jù)恢復與分析是當前科技強檢的一個新興門類，既是新增的鑒定種類，也是檢察機關自偵案件偵破上的重要手段與重點發(fā)展方向。司法鑒定中心電子證據(jù)實驗室按照鑒定中心標準建設，該實驗室主要功能涉及手機取證、數(shù)據(jù)恢復、鑒定分析、密碼破解以及網(wǎng)絡取證等，具有高、精、尖等特點。
2.Examination Department is one of the important departments of medical laboratory. It is generally composed of temporary/emergency examination area, specimen processing area, the biochemical immune area, blood analysis area, bacterial laboratory, PCR laboratory, genetic laboratory and radioactive Laboratory of immunology. Under the Examination Department is preparation room, incubation (inoculation) room, routine bacteria room and clean laboratory and the clean laboratory should reach 10000 cleanliness standards. Pay attention to the following points when planning the Examination Department: division of laboratory and external environment, division of light pollution area and heavy pollution area in the laboratory and clean area. Bacteriology Room should be at the end of the laboratory.
檢驗科是為重要的醫(yī)技科室之一，檢驗科一般可以分為，臨檢急檢區(qū)、標本處理區(qū)、生化免疫區(qū)、血液分析區(qū)、細菌實驗室，PCR實驗室、遺傳實驗室、放射免疫室等。分設準備室、培養(yǎng)(接種)室、常規(guī)細菌室、潔凈實驗室，潔凈實驗室應達到萬級潔凈室的標準。檢驗科規(guī)劃中應注意：檢驗科與外部環(huán)境做分隔、檢驗科內(nèi)部輕污染區(qū)與重污染區(qū)與潔凈區(qū)應做分隔、檢驗科細菌室應在實驗室的未端。
二.
Examination Department is one of the important departments of medical laboratory. It is generally composed of temporary/emergency examination area, specimen processing area, the biochemical immune area, blood analysis area, bacterial laboratory, PCR laboratory, genetic laboratory and radioactive Laboratory of immunology. Under the Examination Department is preparation room, incubation (inoculation) room, routine bacteria room and clean laboratory and the clean laboratory should reach 10000 cleanliness standards. Pay attention to the following points when planning the Examination Department: division of laboratory and external environment, division of light pollution area and heavy pollution area in the laboratory and clean area. Bacteriology Room should be at the end of the laboratory.
檢驗科是為重要的醫(yī)技科室之一，檢驗科一般可以分為，臨檢急檢區(qū)、標本處理區(qū)、生化免疫區(qū)、血液分析區(qū)、細菌實驗室，PCR實驗室、遺傳實驗室、放射免疫室等。分設準備室、培養(yǎng)(接種)室、常規(guī)細菌室、潔凈實驗室，潔凈實驗室應達到萬級潔凈室的標準。檢驗科規(guī)劃中應注意：檢驗科與外部環(huán)境做分隔、檢驗科內(nèi)部輕污染區(qū)與重污染區(qū)與潔凈區(qū)應做分隔、檢驗科細菌室應在實驗室的未端。
三.
Food examination can be divided into two categories: 1. Product quality inspection; 2. Product sanitation inspection, which is relatively difficult with high investment.
食品檢驗可分為兩大項：一是檢測產(chǎn)品的品質(zhì)項目;二是檢測產(chǎn)品的衛(wèi)生項目，這一類項目的檢測相對難度大、投資高。
Health projects preparation of food inspecting and testing laboratory / 食品檢驗檢測實驗室衛(wèi)生項目籌建：
Health projects include microorganisms, additives, harmful elements, agricultural residues, animal residues, toxins, etc.
衛(wèi)生項目包括微生物、添加劑、有害元素、農(nóng)殘留、獸殘留、毒素等。
1. Microorganisms: Microbiology laboratory should be laid out in accordance with the requirements of the specified standards of biological laboratory instruments and equipment. The necessary equipment includes clean workbench, incubator, high temperature sterilizing oven, electric furnace, etc. Other devices are configured according to the specific test items.
微生物：建微生物實驗室要按照生物實驗室設備及裝備規(guī)范標準要求進行布局。必要的設備有潔凈臺、培養(yǎng)箱、高壓滅菌鍋、電爐等，其它設備則根據(jù)具體檢測項目配置。
2. Additives and harmful elements: Some of the projects can use chemical methods. But to meet with the requirements of the current national standards of food hygiene, you should purchase gas phase chromatograph-hydrogen flame detector, liquid phase chromatography-ultraviolet/visible light detector, atomic absorption spectrometer-graphite furnace detector, atomic fluorescence spectrometer, etc.
添加劑和有害元素：有一部分項目可以用化學法，但想滿足現(xiàn)在國標的食品衛(wèi)生要求，應該購置氣相色譜-氫火焰檢測器、液相色譜-紫外/可見光檢測器、原子吸收儀-石墨爐檢測器、原子熒光儀等。
3. Residual pesticides: Gas chromatography is needed for detecting residual pesticides. The laboratory should be equipped with electron capture detector (ECD), if you want to detect organic chlorine pesticide. Nitrogen-phosphorus detector (NPD) or flame photometric detector (FPD) should be equipped to detect organic phosphorus pesticide. Nowadays, there are more and more pesticide-detecting items to be done. In order to improve the generality, purchasing capillary column split-splitless injection port and installing capillary column are suggested. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometer can be purchased for export food processing enterprises to control the quality of raw materials and products.
殘留農(nóng)藥：檢測殘留農(nóng)藥氣相色譜是不能少的。檢測有機氯農(nóng)藥，需配電子俘獲ECD檢測器;檢測有機磷農(nóng)藥，需配火焰光度FPD檢測器或氮磷NPD檢測器。現(xiàn)在農(nóng)殘檢測的項目越來越多，為提高通用性，建議配置毛細管柱分流/不分流進樣口，安裝毛細管色譜柱。出口食品加工企業(yè)為了把好生產(chǎn)原料和產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量關，可以配置氣相色譜-質(zhì)譜儀。
4. Animal residues: As to detection of veterinary drug residues, there are few detecting items and more batches, so it is suggested that a set of ELISA Reader should be purchased and configured. For export food enterprises that have a certain scale, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometer is a better choice.
殘留獸藥：若進行殘留獸藥的檢測，項目不多且批次多，可以配置酶聯(lián)免疫儀。對于有一定規(guī)模的出口食品企業(yè)，配置一臺液相色譜-串聯(lián)質(zhì)譜儀。
四、
Laboratory layout should meet laboratory building design specifications and fire-fighting requirements, office area and experimental area are separated with an access control system between the two areas. Reasonably design main laboratory and auxiliary functions according to the functions of the laboratory. Separate people flow, goods flow and waste flow. Ensure no cross contamination occurs and correctness of experimental data. In the experimental area, emergency shower devices should be installed to reduce the risk of experiment operators.
實驗室平面布局按照實驗室建筑設計規(guī)范及建筑設計防火規(guī)范要求，將辦公區(qū)域和實驗區(qū)域分開，兩者之間設置門禁系統(tǒng)。主實驗室與輔助功能間之間相互協(xié)調(diào)，按照實驗室功能流程合理分布?？紤]人流物流污物流分開，保障樣品無交叉污染，保證實驗數(shù)據(jù)的正確性。在實驗區(qū)域設計有緊急沖淋裝置，減少實驗操作人員的危險。
It can be divided into basic chemical laboratory, synthetic laboratory, pharmaceutical laboratory, preparation and drug release laboratory, analysis and testing center, biological laboratory, vaccine laboratory, animal room and pilot workshop.
可分設基礎化學實驗室、合成實驗室、藥效實驗室、制劑及釋藥實驗室、分析測試中心、生物實驗室、病毒疫苗實驗室、動物房、中試車間。
五、
Laboratory with constant temperature and constant humidity is a laboratory by some special equipment and technical methods and makes it wet indoor temperature in a certain time and experiment with the requirements of the standard atmosphere.It is a infrastructure which helps the enterprise in the inspection of product quality and the control of the circulation.And it is widely used in textile, wool, chemical fiber, paper, packaging, tobacco production enterprises and the quality inspection, chemical fiber inspection departments and so on. In accordance with the relevant ISO and GB standards, such as textiles, textile materials, paper and cardboard box as the quality of the goods inspection of physics project required in standard atmospheric conditions. In addition to the laboratory with constant temperature and constant humidity, there are other special requirements such as 5-18℃ relatively lower temperature,30-80 ℃higher temperature,relative humidity requirements is less than 40% RH temperature or relative humidity above 80% RH such kind of special requirements.
恒溫恒濕實驗室是將某一實驗室通過某些專用設備和技術方法，使其室內(nèi)溫濕度符合某一調(diào)濕和試驗用標準大氣的要求。恒溫恒濕實驗室是生產(chǎn)企業(yè)的產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量檢驗與控制和流通領域里的商品質(zhì)量檢驗把關的基礎設施。恒溫恒濕實驗室廣泛應用于棉紡、毛紡、化纖、紙張、包裝、煙草生產(chǎn)企業(yè)以及質(zhì)檢、纖檢等部門，按照ISO和GB有關標準規(guī)定，紡織品、紡織原料、紙張、紙品和紙箱等 商品的物理項目的檢驗必需在標準大氣條件下進行。除了常規(guī)溫濕度的恒溫恒濕實驗室，還有其它特殊的5-18℃低溫、30-80℃高溫、相對濕度要求小于40%RH低濕、相對濕度高于80%RH的高濕等特殊要求的恒溫恒濕實驗室。
The overall design and planning of the laboratory with constant temperature and constant humidity：
恒溫恒濕實驗室總體設計規(guī)劃要點：
01.The extent of temperature and humidity contro l / 溫濕度控制范圍
02.The accuracy of the temperature and humidity control / 溫濕度控制精度
03.Cleanliness / 潔凈度要求
04.Lighting requirements / 照度要求
05.The hot humidity range of the equipment / 設備的熱濕量范圍
06.The system of wind bringing and returning of the airconditioning / 空調(diào)送回風方式
07.The measures of pneumatic balance / 空壓之平衡措施
08.The necessity of introduction of new wind / 引入新風之必要性
09.The necessity of the exhaust system / 系統(tǒng)排氣的必要性
10.The heat preservation and heat insulation measures / 保溫隔熱的措施
11.The equipment and the power configuration / 設施與動力之配置
12.Electrostatic, vibration and noise / 靜電、振動及噪音
13.The arrangement of the space of the equipment and airconditioning / 設備空間與空調(diào)間
14.In and out of the channel and the buffer of clothes changing / 進出通道及更衣緩沖區(qū)之安排
15.Enough space maintenance / 足夠維護保養(yǎng)空間
16.Ceiling height and floor load / 室內(nèi)凈高與樓板載重
17.Pollution, pollution and control / 公害、污染與防災
18.The measure of installation and operating costs / 安裝及運轉(zhuǎn)成本之衡量
19.The requirements of aesthetic property / 美觀性要求
20.Installation cost/schedule control / 安裝成本/工期控制
21.Operating costs / 運轉(zhuǎn)成本
22.Maintainability and flexibility factors, etc / 維護性&彈性等因數(shù)